Philosopher 2048 Philosophy History1.2

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Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.[3] In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".[4]

The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom".[5][6][7] The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.

A philosopher is someone who studies philosophy. This person usually has extensive knowledge concerning one or more of the fields of aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, logic, metaphysics, as well as social philosophy and political philosophy. Occasionally they use this knowledge to solve philosophical problems.

A generally accepted interpretation in academia is that a philosopher is one who has attained a Ph.D. in philosophy, teaches philosophy, and has published literature in a field of philosophy or is widely accepted by other philosophers as a philosopher.

Philosophers usually cover a breadth of topics within philosophy in their undergraduate education, and then proceed to specialize in topics of their own choice at the graduate level. In some universities, a qualifying exam serves to test both the breadth and depth of a student's understanding of the students who pass are permitted to work on a doctoral dissertation.

Philosophers list:

Abelard , Peter

Anaxagoras

Anselm , St.

Aquinas, St. Thomas

Aristotle

Augustine of Hippo , St.

Averroes

Avicenna

Bacon , Sir Francis

Boethius

Descartes, Rene

Dewey , John

Hegel , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

Heidegger , Martin

Hobbes , Thomas

Hume , David

James, William

Immanuel Kant

Kierkegaard , Soren

Leibniz , Gottfried Wilhelm

Locke, John

Machiavelli , Niccol

Maimonides

Marx , Karl

Mill , John Stuart

Moore , GE ( George Edward )

In addition, Sir Thomas

Nietzsche , Friedrich Wilhelm

Pascal , Blaise

Plato

Plotinus

Rousseau, Rousseau

Bertrand Russell

Santayana , George

Sartre , Jean-Paul

Schopenhauer , Arthur

Scotus, John Duns

Smith , Adam

Socrates

Spinoza , Benedict ( Baruch )

Voltaire ( Francois Marie Arouet)

Whitehead, Alfred North

William of Ockham ( Occam )

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